You can obtain these quests from the Outpost, an old structure accessed through Ancient Gateways.
Once that’s done you’ll gain access to questlines that will unlock different upgrades. Before you can upgrade anything, you’ll need to repair these which you’ll be guided through at the beginning of Starbound. When you start the game, your thrusters and FTL drive will be damaged. This ship, like many other elements of the game, can be upgraded to provide amenities such as more space, containers, crafting stations, and even furniture (so you can put a personal touch on things). While exploring the worlds of Starbound, you’ll be relying on your ship to get you through the deadly darkness of space.